After I scraped off a bunch of gunk from the steering shaft, I realized it's adjustable on both ends and it's easily removable.

To answer my own question about the bolts, they are indeed "keyed" or "ribbed" on the shaft where it passes into the frame to prevent turning when tightining the nuts during a camber adjustment.  Although there is a 5/8" head on the bolt, attempting to crank on it would screw up the bolt, frame, ratchet or all the above.

Stay tuned for more questions I will ask and then answer myself!